The word "attic" is derived from the Attica region of Greece, where Athens is located now and comes from Attic-style architecture. The term referred to "a low decorative facade above the main story of a building" and, as used in the phrase "attic order," had originally indicated a small decorative column above a building's main facade.
This usage became current in the 17th century from Attica-style pilasters as adornments on the top story's façade. By the 18th century, this meaning had been transferred to the space behind the wall of the highest story (i.e., directly under the roof), producing the modern meaning of the word "attic."